A wide range of scenarios including ash fall, lavaflows, lahars, earthquakes, pyroclastic flows etc. that represent volcanic hazards. Each societal hazard can be characterised by dynamic temporal, physical and spatial parameters.
The governance of the societal risks of volcanic hazards.
Managerial hazards have dynamic parameters related to active regulation/scrutiny:
• Temporal (frequency)
• Spatial (reach)
• Intensity (nature & degree)
Exposure
People and assets within the spatial boundaries ofthe hazard in question.
Entities and individuals who are duty holders in law in respect of the governance of societal risks.
Vulnerability
The susceptibility of the exposed people/assets to the physical characteristics of the volcanic hazardin question and the resulting consequences (i.e. death, injury or damage).
Any situation which represents a failure to fulfil a societal risk duty of care (a non-compliance) and the consequences of non-compliance including, but not limited to, ‘naming-and-shaming’, public scrutiny and criminal & civil law sanctions.
